Monday, March 9, 2009

Building blocks behind the bamboo curtain

A pile of cut bamboo lying on the sidewalk in Hong Kong.Dear Gentle Reader,

Hello again, from behind the Bamboo Curtain.

I have been known to talk about origins and architecture, both, in this e-place.

Origin comes from the Latin origo, origin meaning a beginning.

In the beginning, there was nature.

Then there was that that was not of nature.

That dichotomy, things produced by nature as opposed to things made by man, produced art.

Art, in the beginning of English's history, meant anything made by man, as opposed to anything produced by nature.

In more modern times, we have modified that distinction and replaced art with craft.

We tend to think of craftsmen as delivering skill and technique to modify the natural world, whereas some extra inner spark is required for art. But, in earliest times, craft fulfilled that distinction entirely.

Of course, technically, craft comes from techne, and from art.

Techne, the other half of craft, comes from the Greek Technikos, from which we also derive the English words technique and technical.

I sense impending e-yawns.

I hurriedly increase the pace to reach my first destination, this morning.

Architecture, as an English word, my OED tells me, dates to at least 1563, and its first meaning is the art or science of constructing edifices for human use, specialized as Civil, Ecclesiastical, Naval, and Military.

(The Romans had the word already, architectura, as did the French, architecture.)

Fundamentally, architecture was about creating new, structural things from nature.

Trees had to be trimmed and fashioned into columns and beams.

Later, stone was dug, quarried, cut, and dressed to be formed into blocks to be transported to building sites to make structures.

Some think that
classical columns, in dressed stone, were derived from people copying the look of trees cut and dressed to form supporting columns in proto-houses.

Nature was, at least initially, copied and transformed by architects.

Rocks were obviously at the base of mountains. Why not also use rocks at the base of buildings? And then for walls?

Architecture required obvious changes from Nature, and the manipulation of nature to new purposes.

Gothic builders might remove trees from the earth, dig through the earth and remove the earth, to get to stone that they might quarry for building purposes.

Then, when they started building a great ecclesiastical structure, say a Gothic church, the master builder might put nature to new uses in his original art, the construction of the edifice.

Bremen State Cathedral (Bremen, Germany) a nice Gothic Church (admittedly, this facade shows the work of a Romanesque Revival 'facelift' done in the late nineteenth century, but it shows the scope of the structure...)
When Gothic builders could not reach up to place stones in the walls, they created timber platforms to stand upon and to lug stones onto, by means of winches and block and tackle mechanisms.

When the timber platforms seemed too high for safety (they were hauling heavy stones on them) they would dismantle the timber platform, shovel heaps of earth into the church, and rebuild the platform upon the new earthen base. This iterative process would continue until the church was built.

When the church was completed the architect and the builders would finally remove all the platforms and the earth, decorating the interior with paintings and frescoes as they went downwards to bare earth and consecration of the structure.

What does any of this have to do with Hong Kong?

Lots of tall buildings here, yes...

But, Gothic structures were not built in Hong Kong. Besides, the origins of Hong Kong's skyscrapers and high rises does not seem remotely linked to nature.

Image of Hong Kong, at night, taken from your Scribe's building.
Hong Kong residents definitely did not fill these structures with earth or wooden platforms to build them from the inside out.

These buildings are distinctly different from nature.

So why would I have started, today, with the top image of bamboo?

Or debated about using this picture as the lead image?

Another pile of cut bamboo lying on the sidewalk in Hong Kong.Truth is stranger than fiction.

And, it has to be seen to be believed.

First, Hong Kong is profit oriented.

Land prices are the highest here, on the planet.

(Which is my rent is so freaking expensive.)

Also, this is why you want to cut your building costs as low as possible, and to construct things as rapidly as possible.

Which is where the ubiquitous bamboo shown in the title image comes in.

Bamboo is a grass from the Poaceae family.

More technically, bamboo is perennial evergreen from the subfamily Bambusoideae, tribe Bambuseae.


Image of bamboo growing in an abandoned field in Hong Kong's New Territories.There are at least 57 types of bamboo found in Hong Kong growing from sea level to the tops of the mountains.

It is ubiquitous in nature, so artists and craftsmen have found uses for it so that it is now ubiquitous in art (original usage) in China and Hong Kong.

It is strong, tall, and flexible.

The flexibility is useful in a place racked by strong winds.

And so, builders in Hong Kong use bamboo for scaffolding...

Image of a small house in Hong Kong surrounded with bamboo scaffolding for the workers to walk on.
Gothic craftsmen built wooden platforms inside the churches to build the church.

Hong Kong craftsmen build bamboo platforms--scaffolding--outside the structures they build.

Bamboo scaffolding was simply tied up at the joins with twine, historically.

Image of a plastic ties on bamboo scaffolding.Now, the craftsmen use plastic ties.

And, in situ, they look like this..

Image of bamboo scaffolding pieces tied together with plastic ties, in situ, in Hong Kong.Let's step back, and look up at this second example of scaffolding to see the interplay of vertical structure and diagonal supports.

Image of bamboo scaffolding around a small building in Hong Kong from directly beside the bottom supports.
That picture may be funky, but it does not provide much clarity.

Let's step back across the street to get a sense of perspective...

Image of a small building undergoing renovations with bamboo scaffolding around it in Hong Kong.OK...

Well, this is a little bigger than the first building which we saw bamboo scaffolding erected around.

The fierce winds, in typhoon season, can easily pass through the bamboo scaffolding, so it won't be ripped down.

The scaffolding is light, so it can be supported easily by itself.

The scaffolding is also cheaply found, and will not rust in a wet environment, like steel scaffolding would.

Also, because space is limited, it can easily be burnt or used as fill when its useful life has expired.

Further, if there is an economic downturn, you don't need to store the scaffolding on expensive land. Just burn your inventory. It grows around you anyway, and the burnt scaffolding can even be used as fertilizer...

Finally, bamboo is light and easy to transport around the city to various building sites.

But wait.

I forget, Gentle Reader, that you have seen many pictures of Hong Kong.

You know the buildings here are, generally, much bigger than single storey houses or small eight storey low rises.

So, the question now is, what do they do for the big buildings?

What do they use for scaffolding? It has to be cheap, easy for rapid set up and take down, and substantial enough to work for some of the planet's tallest building construction sites.

Image of a more substantial bamboo scaffolding on a building site, with green mesh to prevent tools or material from falling out while allowing the wind to pass through with relative ease.
Let's walk down the street...

This building site certainly seems to have a more substantial scaffolding structure.

Of course, this one is still, obviously, made of bamboo.

But this scaffolding has also been covered with a light plastic mesh that the wind can still pass through it.

Presumably the mesh prevents people or things from falling between the gaps in the bamboo.

But, the bamboo seems to be set closer together, here.

The squares seem to be much smaller, no?

Or is that just a trick of perspective?

Let's step back again...


Image of bamboo scaffolding on a residential high rise/skyscraper in Hong Kong.
Those pieces of bamboo are the same size, and in the same configuration as the previous scaffolding... ...they just go up higher.

Another image of bamboo scaffolding on a residential high rise/skyscraper in Hong Kong.
Note the streetlight extending over the sidewalk hoarding at the bottom left of the picture for perspective. I couldn't step farther back to get better perspective--a busy motorway impeded my picture taking.

So bamboo, the ubiquitous product generated by nature, has been transformed, by art, into a building material.

It has been formed into a superstructure for architecture.

The bamboo cage becomes a meta-structure, mirroring the outline of the building it encloses.

(Meta-structure? Well, in some ways, yes. It is very insubstantial, and airy... and that is one of bamboo scaffolding's virtues after all...that wind and rain can pass through the bamboo scaffolding--it supplies minimal resistance.)

And the origin of modern architectural structures in Hong Kong is derived from Nature, and her bamboo, but bamboo used in ways that nature did not build on her own.

This architecture is truly art, and its origins are truly a craft, originating in nature, then modified by intelligence and effort.

Once again, this is my town. Welcome to Hong Kong.

Tschuess,
Chris

17 comments:

David Cranmer said...

I spend a lot of time on construction sites so I find bamboo scaffolding intriguing. That definitely would be a problem passing OSHA regulations in this country:) When I was working in Belize they used wooden sticks and though us Americans found it amusing they certainly saved money and I didn't see one scaffold system fall.

pattinase (abbott) said...

This is such an interesting post. I never thought of this use for bamboo. Its quick growth is a real asset.

Sepiru Chris said...

David,

I spend a lot of time in Hong Kong, so I spend a lot of time walking by construction sites... because every building seems to be reinventing themselves, continually.

It is pretty wild stuff.

There is essentially a guild that does this work. One of the rules is that the same guy who does the put-up, also does the take down, which makes sense from an engineering perspective.

I agree, it likely would be hard to get through OSHA regulations, but bamboo really does the job.

These thing survive category 9 and ten typhoons... sustained winds over 118 km/ hour and gusts over 220 km/hr (that would be sustained winds over 74 mph and gusts over 137 mph)

Patti,

Cheers,
Glad you enjoyed it.

Chris

Jenn Jilks said...

Intriguing visit. Thank you.

Junosmom said...

It is at once scary and awesome! It reminds me of spider webs. Oh, wait, you don't like spiders, do you? Interesting and informative.

debra said...

So what is old becomes new...
I love to look at bamboo; it's grace, flexibility and strength are wonderful. I'd plant some if it weren't so invasive. May I can plant it with my English ivy (my mother-in-law planted 3 springs 50 years ago) and the goose-necked loosestrife....

Travis Erwin said...

It might work but I wouldn't trust it to support me and my ample girth.

Lauren said...

What an interesting history you gave us. I had never heard of bamboo scaffolding before. Very cool.

I also liked your word history you gave us too. I think that it is always interesting to think about how words and how we think of the activity or noun evolved.

Heidelweiss said...

Again, eye gouging. Piled up bamboo triggers my trypophobia and I cringe in horror ;). Ah well, lovely post all the same. It really is beautiful stuff (when it's not in bundles). Amazingly versatile too! I love me a bamboo floor ;).

Tell Pommes that if he thinks Boo's behavior is so heroic, he should try it himself. He could become a legend. "Oh yes, you know Pommes, he started the great fire of '09. Yes, the one that burned Hong Kong in a single day". Naughty, naughty animals ;).

Reb said...

Bamboo is a wonderful multi-faceted plant and it is so renewable. I saw the scaffolding in a movie once, but didn't realise they use it even for the high-rises. Love the church in Germany btw.

Raph G. Neckmann said...

How amazing, Sepiru Chris! Bamboo is beautiful and it is intriguing to see it used like this. I think I would rather clamber about on bamboo scaffolding than steel girders.

Sepiru Chris said...

Jenn Jilks,

Hopefully interesting.

Junosmom,

Spiders give me the willies, and I love watching them, from close-up too. I had never thought of the superstructure as being spiderweb like. You're right though.

Debra,

You are so right. Average bamboo plant has a twenty to thirty year life span though some varieties can live over a 100 years. Invasive and long-lasting; good genetic characteristics, but tough on a gardener.

Travis,

Neither would I. But, then you watch some wiry guy climb up with two gargantuan double armfuls of bamboo slung across his back and you think... hey... maybe it can. And it supports the weight of everything above it...

Lauren,

Pleased to have introduced you to something new and I am delighted that you tolerate my word investigations.

Heidelweiss,

Trypophobia! A fear of stacked holes! No Swiss cheese for you, no? Hopefully a well-poured Guinness with all those layered bubbles (encapsulated holes, no?) doesn't trigger you.

Trust me, I am so with you on the burning issue. But Pommes is not. He dislikes being stuck in high-
rise.

I tell him it's better than a wok.

Do you think he listen?

No. He just keeps staring meaningfully at the stove, miao's at the door (which he had ceased months ago), glances at the stove and then stares meaningfully at me.

Then he waltzes back and points out the link to your site, just in case I didn't get it.

Gives me the willies.

Reb,

Oh ya. They do.

Raph,

Your four legs are surer than my two,then...bamboo walks don't just sway, they bounce.

I tried a surreptitious walk one evening. The only thing that kept me from falling was the rotational inertia generated by my spinning stomach. That internal gyroscope is what I credit with keeping me afloat.

Tschuess,
Chris

Cloudia said...

SUCH a cool post.
YAY, Bamboo!
Aloha, Scribe

Anonymous said...

Chris, you should submit this post and pics to the New York Times or Los Angeles Times.

Barrie said...

That's incredible. I was wondering where you were going with this post. And now I know. UP! ;) Thank you for all the detail and all the photos!

bindu said...

Interesting. I've seen scaffolding like this bamboo one in India, though we don't have such big skyscrapers there - and don't need them. The part I didn't know earlier was that mud was piled up around churches during construction. Makes perfect sense.

Barbara Martin said...

Interesting on how high the bamboo scaffolding goes. Not for me to be up there. Ick.